List of first orbital launches by country Ĭountries like Italy are not included since they have not yet developed an orbital rocket from scratch i.e., an orbital rocket that was designed and engineered in its entirety in the country in question.īaikonur, Soviet Union (today Kazakhstan)ĭummy Satellite, Performance Verification Satellite (with 4 CubeSats)
2.3 Privately developed launch vehicles. 2.2 Launches of non-indigenous launch vehicles. 1 List of first orbital launches by country. The launching of satellites, while still contributing to national prestige, is a significant economic activity as well, with public and private rocket systems competing for launches, using cost and reliability as selling points. The race to launch the first satellite was closely contested by the Soviet Union and the United States, and was the beginning of the Space Race. In all cases where a country has conducted independent human spaceflights (as of 2021, three - China, the Soviet Union/Russia, and the United States), these launches were preceded by independent unmanned launch capability. Three countries (France, Italy and the United Kingdom) formerly had such an independent capability. Ten countries and one inter-governmental organisation ( ESA) have a proven orbital launch capability, as of November 2021. The United Kingdom became a space power independently following a single payload insertion into orbit from Australia. France became a space power independently, launching a payload into orbit from Algeria, before joining space launcher facilities in the multi-national Ariane project. Ukraine launched only from foreign (Kazakh and Russian) launch facilities until 2015, after which political differences with Russia effectively halted Ukraine's ability to produce orbital rockets. Russia launches its rockets from its own and foreign ( Kazakh) spaceports. 
Russia and Ukraine inherited the space launchers and satellites capability from the Soviet Union, following its dissolution in 1991. While a number of countries have built satellites, as of 2022, eleven countries have had the capability to send objects into orbit using their own launch vehicles.
This is a timeline of first orbital launches by country.
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